% SocioLens, LD-01 version v0.1: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/debates/ld-01/v0.1/
% Generated from SocioLens source labels. Authors and years are not stored as separate fields,
% so they are not filled in here, and a title is given only where the label states one;
% the full label is in each note. For complete records, import the identifiers file into
% Zotero (Add Item by Identifier). "SocioLens synthesis" entries are the project's own
% synthesis documents, not primary evidence or scholarship.

@misc{src_sl_narayanan_kapoor_knight_2025_04_15,
  title = {AI as Normal Technology: An alternative to the vision of AI as a potential superintelligence},
  howpublished = {Source type: independent research report},
  note = {Narayanan \& Kapoor, “AI as Normal Technology: An alternative to the vision of AI as a potential superintelligence,” Knight First Amendment Institute, 15 April 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-NARAYANAN-KAPOOR-KNIGHT-2025-04-15: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-narayanan-kapoor-knight-2025-04-15/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_yiu_kosoy_gopnik_arxiv_2305_07666,
  title = {Imitation versus Innovation: What children can do that large language and language-and-vision models cannot (yet)?},
  eprint = {2305.07666},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07666},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Yiu, Kosoy \& Gopnik, “Imitation versus Innovation: What children can do that large language and language-and-vision models cannot (yet)?”, arXiv:2305.07666, 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-YIU-KOSOY-GOPNIK-ARXIV-2305-07666: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-yiu-kosoy-gopnik-arxiv-2305-07666/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_mitchell_krakauer_arxiv_2210_13966,
  title = {The Debate Over Understanding in AI’s Large Language Models},
  eprint = {2210.13966},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.13966},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Mitchell \& Krakauer, “The Debate Over Understanding in AI’s Large Language Models,” arXiv:2210.13966, 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MITCHELL-KRAKAUER-ARXIV-2210-13966: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-mitchell-krakauer-arxiv-2210-13966/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_shanahan_mcdonell_reynolds_arxiv_2305_16367,
  title = {Role-Play with Large Language Models},
  eprint = {2305.16367},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.16367},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Shanahan, McDonell \& Reynolds, “Role-Play with Large Language Models,” arXiv:2305.16367, 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-SHANAHAN-MCDONELL-REYNOLDS-ARXIV-2305-16367: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-shanahan-mcdonell-reynolds-arxiv-2305-16367/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_milliere_buckner_arxiv_2401_03910,
  title = {A Philosophical Introduction to Language Models — Part I: Continuity With Classic Debates},
  eprint = {2401.03910},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.03910},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Millière \& Buckner, “A Philosophical Introduction to Language Models — Part I: Continuity With Classic Debates,” arXiv:2401.03910, 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MILLIERE-BUCKNER-ARXIV-2401-03910: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-milliere-buckner-arxiv-2401-03910/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_esposito_mit_press_2022,
  doi = {10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001},
  howpublished = {Source type: monograph},
  note = {Esposito, Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence, MIT Press, 2022},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-ESPOSITO-MIT-PRESS-2022: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-esposito-mit-press-2022/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_fenoglio_arxiv_2607_28137,
  title = {Asymmetric Communication: Large Language Models and Language Games},
  eprint = {2607.28137},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28137},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Fenoglio, “Asymmetric Communication: Large Language Models and Language Games,” arXiv:2607.28137, 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-FENOGLIO-ARXIV-2607-28137: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-fenoglio-arxiv-2607-28137/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_chan_et_al_agentic_arxiv_2302_10329,
  title = {Harms from Increasingly Agentic Algorithmic Systems},
  eprint = {2302.10329},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10329},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Chan et al., “Harms from Increasingly Agentic Algorithmic Systems,” FAccT 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-CHAN-ET-AL-AGENTIC-ARXIV-2302-10329: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-chan-et-al-agentic-arxiv-2302-10329/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_kolt_governing_ai_agents_arxiv_2501_07913,
  title = {Governing AI Agents},
  eprint = {2501.07913},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07913},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Kolt, “Governing AI Agents,” arXiv:2501.07913, 2025 (forthcoming in the Notre Dame Law Review)},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-KOLT-GOVERNING-AI-AGENTS-ARXIV-2501-07913: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-kolt-governing-ai-agents-arxiv-2501-07913/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_kasirzadeh_gabriel_arxiv_2504_21848,
  title = {Characterizing AI Agents for Alignment and Governance},
  eprint = {2504.21848},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21848},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Kasirzadeh \& Gabriel, “Characterizing AI Agents for Alignment and Governance,” arXiv:2504.21848, 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-KASIRZADEH-GABRIEL-ARXIV-2504-21848: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-kasirzadeh-gabriel-arxiv-2504-21848/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_anthropic_building_effective_agents_2024_12_19,
  title = {Building effective agents},
  url = {https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/building-effective-agents},
  howpublished = {Source type: vendor primary},
  note = {Anthropic, “Building effective agents,” Anthropic engineering post, 19 December 2024, as served on 16 October 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-ANTHROPIC-BUILDING-EFFECTIVE-AGENTS-2024-12-19: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-anthropic-building-effective-agents-2024-12-19/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_eloundou_et_al_arxiv_2303_10130,
  title = {GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models},
  eprint = {2303.10130},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin \& Rock, “GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models,” arXiv:2303.10130, 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-ELOUNDOU-ET-AL-ARXIV-2303-10130: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-eloundou-et-al-arxiv-2303-10130/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_bick_blandin_deming_nber_w32966,
  title = {The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI},
  doi = {10.3386/w32966},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3386/w32966},
  howpublished = {Source type: working paper},
  note = {Bick, Blandin \& Deming, “The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI,” NBER Working Paper 32966, 2024 (revised February 2025)},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-BICK-BLANDIN-DEMING-NBER-W32966: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-bick-blandin-deming-nber-w32966/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_li_et_al_othello_arxiv_2210_13382,
  title = {Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task},
  eprint = {2210.13382},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.13382},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Li, Hopkins, Bau, Viégas, Pfister \& Wattenberg, “Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task,” ICLR 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-LI-ET-AL-OTHELLO-ARXIV-2210-13382: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-li-et-al-othello-arxiv-2210-13382/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_gurnee_tegmark_arxiv_2310_02207,
  title = {Language Models Represent Space and Time},
  eprint = {2310.02207},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.02207},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Gurnee \& Tegmark, “Language Models Represent Space and Time,” ICLR 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-GURNEE-TEGMARK-ARXIV-2310-02207: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-gurnee-tegmark-arxiv-2310-02207/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_mccoy_et_al_embers_arxiv_2309_13638,
  title = {Embers of Autoregression: Understanding Large Language Models Through the Problem They are Trained to Solve},
  eprint = {2309.13638},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.13638},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {McCoy, Yao, Friedman, Hardy \& Griffiths, “Embers of Autoregression: Understanding Large Language Models Through the Problem They are Trained to Solve,” arXiv:2309.13638, 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MCCOY-ET-AL-EMBERS-ARXIV-2309-13638: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-mccoy-et-al-embers-arxiv-2309-13638/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_berglund_et_al_reversal_arxiv_2309_12288,
  title = {The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on ‘A is B’ fail to learn ‘B is A’},
  eprint = {2309.12288},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12288},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Berglund, Tong, Kaufmann, Balesni, Cooper Stickland, Korbak \& Evans, “The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on ‘A is B’ fail to learn ‘B is A’,” ICLR 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-BERGLUND-ET-AL-REVERSAL-ARXIV-2309-12288: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-berglund-et-al-reversal-arxiv-2309-12288/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_mirzadeh_et_al_gsm_symbolic_arxiv_2410_05229,
  title = {GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models},
  eprint = {2410.05229},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05229},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Mirzadeh, Alizadeh, Shahrokhi, Tuzel, Bengio \& Farajtabar, “GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models,” ICLR 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MIRZADEH-ET-AL-GSM-SYMBOLIC-ARXIV-2410-05229: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-mirzadeh-et-al-gsm-symbolic-arxiv-2410-05229/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_dziri_et_al_faith_fate_arxiv_2305_18654,
  title = {Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionality},
  eprint = {2305.18654},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18654},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Dziri et al., “Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionality,” NeurIPS 2023},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-DZIRI-ET-AL-FAITH-FATE-ARXIV-2305-18654: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-dziri-et-al-faith-fate-arxiv-2305-18654/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_wu_et_al_counterfactual_arxiv_2307_02477,
  title = {Reasoning or Reciting? Exploring the Capabilities and Limitations of Language Models Through Counterfactual Tasks},
  eprint = {2307.02477},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02477},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed conference paper},
  note = {Wu et al., “Reasoning or Reciting? Exploring the Capabilities and Limitations of Language Models Through Counterfactual Tasks,” NAACL 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-WU-ET-AL-COUNTERFACTUAL-ARXIV-2307-02477: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-wu-et-al-counterfactual-arxiv-2307-02477/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_kwa_et_al_metr_arxiv_2503_14499,
  title = {Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks},
  eprint = {2503.14499},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14499v4},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Kwa et al., “Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Tasks,” arXiv:2503.14499v4, 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-KWA-ET-AL-METR-ARXIV-2503-14499: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-kwa-et-al-metr-arxiv-2503-14499/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_metr_time_horizon_1_1_2026_01_29,
  title = {Time Horizon 1.1},
  url = {https://metr.org/blog/2026-01-29-time-horizon-1-1/},
  howpublished = {Source type: independent research report},
  note = {METR, “Time Horizon 1.1,” METR blog post, 29 January 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-METR-TIME-HORIZON-1-1-2026-01-29: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-metr-time-horizon-1-1-2026-01-29/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_colombatto_fleming_neurosci_consciousness_2024,
  title = {Folk psychological attributions of consciousness to large language models},
  doi = {10.1093/nc/niae013},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niae013},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed journal article},
  note = {Colombatto \& Fleming, “Folk psychological attributions of consciousness to large language models,” Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-COLOMBATTO-FLEMING-NEUROSCI-CONSCIOUSNESS-2024: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-colombatto-fleming-neurosci-consciousness-2024/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_mitiaeva_xiao_arxiv_2609_21401,
  title = {Talking past the machine: morality, politeness, and alignment in human–AI dialogue},
  eprint = {2609.21401},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21401},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Mitiaeva \& Xiao, “Talking past the machine: morality, politeness, and alignment in human–AI dialogue,” arXiv:2609.21401, 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MITIAEVA-XIAO-ARXIV-2609-21401: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-mitiaeva-xiao-arxiv-2609-21401/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_shao_et_al_workbank_arxiv_2506_06576,
  title = {Future of Work with AI Agents: Auditing Automation and Augmentation Potential across the U.S. Workforce},
  eprint = {2506.06576},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06576},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Shao, Zope, Jiang, Pei, Nguyen, Brynjolfsson \& Yang, “Future of Work with AI Agents: Auditing Automation and Augmentation Potential across the U.S. Workforce,” arXiv:2506.06576, 2026},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-SHAO-ET-AL-WORKBANK-ARXIV-2506-06576: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-shao-et-al-workbank-arxiv-2506-06576/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_bommasani_et_al_arxiv_2108_07258,
  title = {On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models},
  eprint = {2108.07258},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07258},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Bommasani et al., “On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models,” arXiv:2108.07258, 2021},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-BOMMASANI-ET-AL-ARXIV-2108-07258: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-bommasani-et-al-arxiv-2108-07258/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_van_der_vlist_helmond_ferrari_bds_2024,
  title = {Big AI: Cloud infrastructure dependence and the industrialisation of artificial intelligence},
  doi = {10.1177/20539517241232630},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241232630},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed journal article},
  note = {van der Vlist, Helmond \& Ferrari, “Big AI: Cloud infrastructure dependence and the industrialisation of artificial intelligence,” Big Data \& Society, 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-VAN-DER-VLIST-HELMOND-FERRARI-BDS-2024: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-van-der-vlist-helmond-ferrari-bds-2024/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_luitse_denkena_bds_2021,
  title = {The great Transformer: Examining the role of large language models in the political economy of AI},
  doi = {10.1177/20539517211047734},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211047734},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed journal article},
  note = {Luitse \& Denkena, “The great Transformer: Examining the role of large language models in the political economy of AI,” Big Data \& Society, 2021},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-LUITSE-DENKENA-BDS-2021: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-luitse-denkena-bds-2021/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_krokowski_hirsch_kreinsen_ai_society_2025,
  title = {Once promised, forever believed? An essay on the blind spots of AI promises},
  doi = {10.1007/s00146-025-02765-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02765-1},
  howpublished = {Source type: peer reviewed journal article},
  note = {Krokowski \& Hirsch-Kreinsen, “Once promised, forever believed? An essay on the blind spots of AI promises,” AI \& Society, 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-KROKOWSKI-HIRSCH-KREINSEN-AI-SOCIETY-2025: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-krokowski-hirsch-kreinsen-ai-society-2025/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_chelikavada_bennett_arxiv_2509_11982,
  title = {Examining the Relationship between Scientific Publishing Activity and Hype-Driven Financial Bubbles: A Comparison of the Dot-Com and AI Eras},
  eprint = {2509.11982},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11982v2},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {Chelikavada \& Bennett, “Examining the Relationship between Scientific Publishing Activity and Hype-Driven Financial Bubbles: A Comparison of the Dot-Com and AI Eras,” arXiv:2509.11982v2, 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-CHELIKAVADA-BENNETT-ARXIV-2509-11982: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-chelikavada-bennett-arxiv-2509-11982/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_bis_aer_2024_chapter_iii,
  title = {Artificial intelligence and the economy: implications for central banks},
  url = {https://www.bis.org/publications/aer-2024/artificial-intelligence-economy-implications-central-banks},
  howpublished = {Source type: policy research or monitoring},
  note = {Bank for International Settlements, “Artificial intelligence and the economy: implications for central banks,” Annual Economic Report 2024, chapter III},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-BIS-AER-2024-CHAPTER-III: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-bis-aer-2024-chapter-iii/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_bis_quarterly_review_2025_12,
  howpublished = {Source type: policy research or monitoring},
  note = {Bank for International Settlements, BIS Quarterly Review, December 2025, overview (“Volatility challenges risk-taking”)},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-BIS-QUARTERLY-REVIEW-2025-12: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-bis-quarterly-review-2025-12/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_state_council_ai_plus_opinions_2025_08_26,
  title = {Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the ‘Artificial Intelligence+’ Initiative},
  howpublished = {Source type: government primary},
  note = {State Council of the People’s Republic of China, “Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the ‘Artificial Intelligence+’ Initiative,” 26 August 2025 (English translation by CSET)},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-STATE-COUNCIL-AI-PLUS-OPINIONS-2025-08-26: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-state-council-ai-plus-opinions-2025-08-26/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_ec_gpai_guidelines_c_2025_7719,
  title = {Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models established by Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)},
  howpublished = {Source type: government primary},
  note = {European Commission, “Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models established by Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act),” C(2025) 7719 final, 19 November 2025},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-EC-GPAI-GUIDELINES-C-2025-7719: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-ec-gpai-guidelines-c-2025-7719/v1.0/}
}

@misc{src_sl_mccoy_et_al_o1_arxiv_2410_01792,
  title = {When a language model is optimized for reasoning, does it still show embers of autoregression? An analysis of OpenAI o1},
  eprint = {2410.01792},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01792},
  howpublished = {Source type: preprint},
  note = {McCoy, Yao, Friedman, Hardy \& Griffiths, “When a language model is optimized for reasoning, does it still show embers of autoregression? An analysis of OpenAI o1,” arXiv:2410.01792, 2024},
  annote = {SocioLens source SRC-SL-MCCOY-ET-AL-O1-ARXIV-2410-01792: https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/sources/src-sl-mccoy-et-al-o1-arxiv-2410-01792/v1.0/}
}