Within a large fact-check dataset, generative-AI media rose relatively recently while simple context manipulation remained the majority through November 2023.

SocioLens project,

Claim LD10-HQ-C22 (v1.0)

Within a large fact-check dataset, generative-AI media rose relatively recently while simple context manipulation remained the majority through November 2023.

Provenance and status

Claim type: Estimate
Publication status: Eligible for publication, with qualifiers: denominator visible
Verification state: Checked against the abstract of the primary source only. Who checked this claim is not recorded for it; claim checks so far were AI-led, and no person has checked claims against their sources.
Does not license: Population prevalence or exposure
Limitations: Fact-checker-selection denominator; old endpoint
Source (as cited): Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697
Source type: Preprint (recorded as “Preprint / dataset”)
Institutional position: Mixed research + fact-checking ecosystem
Maturity of the evidence: Emerging evidence
Recorded date: 25 September 2026
Currentness / correction: This is the current version. No correction or concern is recorded on its sources.

Sources this version cites

Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697 (Preprint)
Read the original

Version

This page shows version v1.0. Its record never changes, even when newer evidence arrives; the site may add a note to the page or withhold a figure not cleared for public use.

This pinned version is also the current version.

Versions: v1.0 · current

Raw record: every recorded field, with its coded values

All 25 canonical Claim fields, verbatim, with the coded values derived from them. The plain-language labels above are read from these.

Claim type (coded): ESTIMATE (as printed: “ESTIMATE”)
Publication status (coded): ELIGIBLE (DENOMINATOR_VISIBLE) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH DENOMINATOR QUALIFIER”)
Verification state (coded): CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY (ABSTRACT_ONLY)
Source type (coded): PREPRINT
Maturity (coded): EMERGING

#	Canonical field	Canonical value (verbatim)	Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2)
1	CLAIM ID	LD10-HQ-C22	—
2	PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM	Within a large fact-check dataset, generative-AI media rose relatively recently while simple context manipulation remained the majority through November 2023.	—
3	CLAIM TYPE	ESTIMATE	base_types: ESTIMATE
4	RESEARCH STRAND	D — Synthetic content & reach	—
5	MATURITY	EMERGING	states: EMERGING
6	SOURCE	Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697	source_ids: SRC-LD10-DUFOUR-AMMEBA-ARXIV-2405-11697
7	SOURCE TYPE	Preprint / dataset	classes: PREPRINT
8	INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	Mixed research + fact-checking ecosystem	—
9	SCOPE	Public ClaimReview fact checks through Nov 2023	—
10	DESIGN	Annotated fact-check corpus	—
11	SAMPLE / DATASET	135,838 fact checks	—
12	MODEL / TOOL / VERSION	n.a.	—
13	COMPARATOR	Manipulation types over time	—
14	MAIN RESULT	GenAI content rose after heavy press attention; simple/context manipulation still majority	—
15	INFERENTIAL TARGET	Composition of fact-checked misinformation	—
16	DOES NOT LICENSE	Population prevalence or exposure	—
17	VERIFICATION STATE	CONTENT VERIFIED ABSTRACT	state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · qualifiers: ABSTRACT_ONLY · verified_by: UNKNOWN
18	LIMITATIONS	Fact-checker-selection denominator; old endpoint	—
19	CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES	C21 election monitoring also finds limited detected viral cases	—
20	GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE	Multi-country	—
21	DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER	NO EVIDENCE LOCATED	—
22	R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS	D7, D4b, R-1	—
23	WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM?	Post-2023 exposure-weighted dataset	—
24	PUBLICATION STATUS	ELIGIBLE WITH DENOMINATOR QUALIFIER	state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: DENOMINATOR_VISIBLE
25	RECORDED DATE	2026-09-25	—

Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: D7 (DOMAIN); D4b (SUB_AREA); R-1 (LENS)

The sources as recorded, with their record IDs and coded source types:

Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)

“Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697” → Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697 (SRC-LD10-DUFOUR-AMMEBA-ARXIV-2405-11697--v1.0) — Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697; class PREPRINT (explicit public provenance pin)

Cited by Living Debate versions

Persuasion, Intermediation & the Information Order (v0.1) LD-10

Cite this page

SocioLens project. (2026, September 25). Within a large fact-check dataset, generative-AI media rose relatively recently while simple context manipulation remained the majority through November 2023 [Claim LD10-HQ-C22, version v1.0]. SocioLens. https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld10-hq-c22/v1.0/

@misc{sociolens_ld10_hq_c22_v1_0,
  author = {{SocioLens project}},
  title = {Within a large fact-check dataset, generative-AI media rose relatively recently while simple context manipulation remained the majority through November 2023.},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-25},
  howpublished = {\url{https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld10-hq-c22/v1.0/}},
  note = {Claim LD10-HQ-C22, version v1.0}
}

The link points to this version, whose record never changes. For a finding, cite the original study as well: SocioLens summarizes research and does not replace it.

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 abb9504b90d73a54f163314a7cf06a0423b619c64116f53ae9f0bc0f633ba26e.

Frozen Drive-derived inputs

R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID 1f9tgGnqv80_UyhW0kCgcnTgWNPlx-DYM; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified ; block “ENTRY 22 — LD10-HQ-C22 ” SHA-256 7e27f6dbe1d1fbcb4ef2c259b5484329e373e88d75ffd248dc5504d509efbe29; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixture fixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the canonical ledger artifact version (R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0); Implementation Architecture Selection §5 logical_id/version convention.
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status for "R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED": "CURRENT."
FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-LD10-DUFOUR-AMMEBA-ARXIV-2405-11697--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 22 — LD10-HQ-C22 cites "Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697"; the frozen field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's ledger block (fixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical); Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S15): R07 Batch 03 lines 60, 62; ledger C22 fields 6/7/8.
SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-LD10-DUFOUR-AMMEBA-ARXIV-2405-11697--v1.0 — basis: Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "Dufour et al., AMMeBa, arXiv:2405.11697"; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory S15): R07 Batch 03 lines 60, 62; ledger C22 fields 6/7/8.